I’ve been running a mail server for the last year and a half. When I initially set up my Postfix mail server on Ubuntu, I knew that eventually I would need to add a spam filter. I recently decided that SpamAssassin was the best choice to filter email on my mail server.
I now receive on average more than one spam message each day. Interestingly, all of my spam is sent to an email address that I have only given out to Marquette University. I guess that means they have either sold my email address or poorly secured it in their database. Neither would surprise me.
I used the content from two different tutorials to get SpamAssassin up and running on my server.
First, I installed SpamAssassin.
apt-get install spamassassin spamc
Next, I created the spamd user and group. You can specify a specific uid and gid if you want.
groupadd spamd
useradd -g spamd -s /bin/false -d /var/log/spamassassin spamd
Then I created the spamd home directory and set the permissions.
mkdir /var/log/spamassassin
chown spamd:spamd /var/log/spamassassin
Then I set up some configuration for SpamAssassin. You can edit the file directly, but I use Sed so that I can automate the installation process in a script. This enables SpamAssassin, Cron, and some other options.
DEFAULT_SPAMASSASSIN=/etc/default/spamassassin
mv $DEFAULT_SPAMASSASSIN $DEFAULT_SPAMASSASSIN.default
sed '
s/ENABLED=0/ENABLED=1/
s/CRON=0/CRON=1/
s/^OPTIONS.*/SAHOME="\/var\/log\/spamassassin"\nOPTIONS="--create-prefs --max-children 5 --username spamd -H ${SAHOME} -s ${SAHOME}\/spamd.log"/
' $DEFAULT_SPAMASSASSIN.default > $DEFAULT_SPAMASSASSIN
Then I set up the rest of the configuration for SpamAssassin. I initially set the required score to 2.0, but this caused a lot of legitimate emails (ham) to be marked as spam. The following configuration will rewrite subjects of spam messages to identify them as spam.
SA_LOCAL_CF=/etc/spamassassin/local.cf
mv $SA_LOCAL_CF $SA_LOCAL_CF.default
echo "
rewrite_header Subject [***** SPAM _SCORE_ *****]
required_score 5.0
# to be able to use _SCORE_ we need report_safe set to 0
# If this option is set to 0, incoming spam is only
# modified by adding some \"X-Spam-\" headers and no
# changes will be made to the body.
report_safe 0
# Enable the Bayes system
use_bayes 1
use_bayes_rules 1
# Enable Bayes auto-learning
bayes_auto_learn 1
# Enable or disable network checks
skip_rbl_checks 0
use_razor2 0
use_dcc 0
use_pyzor 0
" > $SA_LOCAL_CF
Now that I have been running the spam filter for a couple weeks, I have had to whitelist some email addresses that send me emails with strange headers or get sent from “shady” IP addresses. This goes into the same local.cf file.
whitelist_from *@hq.acm.org
I find it amusing that emails from the ACM keep getting marked as spam. Next I started SpamAssassin.
/etc/init.d/spamassassin start
Next, I modified Postfix to send emails through the SpamAssassin filter.
POSTFIX_MASTER_CF=/etc/postfix/master.cf
mv $POSTFIX_MASTER_CF $POSTFIX_MASTER_CF.default
sed 's/smtp inet n - - - - smtpd/smtp inet n - - - - smtpd\n\t-o content_filter=spamassassin/' \
$POSTFIX_MASTER_CF.default > $POSTFIX_MASTER_CF
echo 'spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
user=spamd argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e
/usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}' >> $POSTFIX_MASTER_CF
Next, reload Postfix so it will use SpamAssassin.
/etc/init.d/postfix reload
Once SpamAssassin is running, you can train it by passing it spam and ham emails.
sa-learn -u spamd --spam --mbox /path/to/spam_mbox
sa-learn -u spamd --ham --mbox /path/to/ham_mbox
After adjusting the spam threshold, training the filter with spam messages that I have acquired over the last year, and whitelisting a few problematic senders, my spam filter has been doing a good job of marking spam as spam. At this point it is easy enough to sort through the email manually and confirm that they are spam. In the future, if it ever gets bad enough, I will be able to automatically delete the messages or filter them into a different mailbox on delivery.